IngredientStudied forEvidence in shortUsual form
Astaxanthin Skin moisture; eye comfort after screen work Mixed for skin moisture, no effect on wrinkles; eye trials often tested combinations Soft capsule (oil-soluble, light-sensitive)
Ceramide Skin hydration and barrier function Small trials, often industry-linked, show a real but modest hydration effect Capsule, tablet, drink
Collagen peptide Skin hydration and elasticity Several meta-analyses positive; a 2025 analysis found the effect only in industry-funded trials Powder, drink, jelly (gram-level dose)
Elastin peptide Skin elasticity and hydration Small trials; a 12-week placebo-controlled study and supporting cell research Tablet, capsule
Evening primrose oil Skin barrier and comfort measures A 2013 Cochrane review of 27 trials found no benefit; individual trial results are mixed Soft capsule
Glutathione Skin brightness (purified form restricted as a food ingredient in Japan) Not applicable to purified glutathione as a declared food ingredient in Japan Purified form not permitted in foods in Japan; yeast-based route only
Hyaluronic acid Skin moisture and elasticity A 2025 meta-analysis of 7 small trials positive; larger trials needed; often industry-funded Capsule, tablet, drink
L-cystine Hair density and skin/hair keratin support Small trials of L-cystine combined with other nutrients; not tested alone Tablet, capsule
Lycopene Skin response to UV exposure Small trials positive; short, and results include molecular markers as well as visible skin measures Soft capsule (oil-soluble)
Pine bark extract Skin pigmentation and photoaging signs Small trials, one open-label and industry-funded; positive but not independently replicated at scale Tablet, capsule
Placenta extract Skin water loss, elasticity and pigmentation Thin: two small 4-week skin trials, both funded by the extract makers Tablet, capsule, drink
Sea buckthorn oil Tear film and eye comfort in small randomised trials Mixed results across two trials in the same population; skin-specific human evidence is limited Softgel, oil blend
Tranexamic acid Skin pigmentation (medicine in Japan, not a food ingredient) Not applicable — not permitted as a food ingredient in Japan Not permitted in foods in Japan