IngredientStudied forEvidence in shortUsual form
Aojiru (barley grass, kale or ashitaba green juice powder) Fibre intake; general wellbeing markers Limited and plant-specific; strongest data are small trials on single plants Powder stick, drink
Beta-glucan Gut fermentation and microbiota markers; immune-response markers, depending on source Differs sharply by source; oat/barley and yeast/mushroom types are not interchangeable Powder, capsule, tablet, cereal or baked format
Dietary fibre (indigestible dextrin / resistant maltodextrin) Bowel movement frequency and stool volume Consistent trial evidence for bowel movements; most trials industry-funded Powder stick, capsule, drink
Lactic acid bacteria / bifidobacteria Bowel regularity and gut environment Depends on the strain; results for one strain do not transfer to another Capsule, powder stick; heat-treated cells in any form
Prebiotic oligosaccharides (FOS, GOS, inulin) Bowel regularity and gut bacteria composition Meta-analyses report modest, consistent effects on stool frequency; results vary by type and dose Powder stick, drink, capsule, tablet
Psyllium husk Bowel regularity Meta-analyses support bowel regularity at higher doses; must be taken with adequate water Powder, capsule, sachet